Fast-Acting Infection Can Steal a Child’s Future: Experts Warn About Invasive Meningococcal Disease

Health experts are intensifying efforts to raise awareness about Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD), a rare but life-threatening bacterial infection that can progress rapidly—sometimes becoming fatal within just 24 hours. The Philippines has the highest meningococcal fatality rate in neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, with 50% of all cases resulting in death. Survivors may face long-term complications that can affect their growth, learning, and overall quality of life.

IMD is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, which spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Once it enters the body, the infection can develop into sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningitis (brain inflammation), both of which can lead to severe health issues or even death.

Symptoms can turn fatal in 24 hours

Dr. Jo Janette De La Calzada, a pediatric neurologist, stresses that IMD can begin with common flu-like symptoms before escalating into a medical emergency.

“Symptoms such as headache, sore throat, nausea, difficulty breathing, and irritability may appear minor at first, but the disease can worsen quickly,” she explains. “Without immediate medical intervention, it can be fatal within 24 hours.”

Because IMD progresses so quickly, parents may not realize their child is in danger until it’s too late. Survivors of IMD may experience long-term neurological and behavioural complications, which can impact their development and quality of life.

Serogroup B Emerges as the Dominant Group in the Philippines

Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that causes IMD, is categorized into different serogroups based on the makeup of its outer surface. Out of its thirteen serogroups, six—A, B, C, X, W, and Y—are the leading cause of nearly all life-threatening cases worldwide. Alarmingly, in the Philippines, serogroup B poses a significant threat, accounting for 68%of cases in the country from 2018-2023, making it the leading cause of IMD in the country.

Dr. Jonathan Lim, a pediatric infectious disease expert says, “Serogroup B has been the most reported group in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR surveillance tests. This shift makes it more important than ever for parents and healthcare providers to recognize the disease and act swiftly.”

Region VII Among the most affected

Region VII, particularly Cebu, has consistently recorded some of the highest meningococcal disease cases in the country, according to data from the Department of Health. From 2021 to 2023, Central Visayas ranked second nationwide in reported cases. In 2021 alone, the region reported 14 confirmed cases (13%), following the National Capital Region (NCR) with 21 cases (19%). CALABARZON and Region III reported 13 cases (12%) and 11 cases (10%), respectively.

In addition, Cebu Province reported the highest number of births in Region VII in 2023, with 49,098 registered births. Since infants and young children under 5 years are most at risk, especially infants in their first year of life, medical experts urge parents to be extra vigilant.

Prevention and early detection are keys to IMD

Early recognition of symptoms followed by prompt medical consultation can significantly improve outcomes in terms of managing IMD. Dr. Lim underscores that swift action can save lives.

Given the severity of the disease, which can become fatal within as little as 24 hours, immediate medical intervention is crucial. “Parents should be aware of the warning signs and consult a doctor right away if they suspect IMD. Acting quickly can make all the difference,” he explains. Among the most effective early interventions are timely administration of antimicrobial therapy and supportive treatment to stabilize the patient and prevent complications.

Preventive measures such as regular medical check-ups and complete vaccination against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y are essential in safeguarding children’s health and are strongly recommended. Because Serogroup B has a distinct structure, it requires a separate vaccine, which is readily accessible through private healthcare providers.

Pediatric Disease experts are urging parents to take an active role in protecting their children from IMD by staying informed and seeking guidance from healthcare providers.

“Awareness of its risks, symptoms, and prevention is essential,” says Dr. Lim. “Parents should consult their pediatricians on the complete protection against this fast-moving and potentially life-altering disease.” With early detection, timely medical intervention, and proper vaccination, the risk of IMD can be significantly reduced—giving children a better chance at a healthy and thriving future. (MCN)